During the Spring Festival this year, the news that Chinese people purchased a large number of daily necessities such as rice cookers and toilet lids overseas has aroused great attention to China's manufacturing industry.

Facing the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, what kind of situation and challenges does China's manufacturing industry face? How does "Made in China" turn to "Created in China" and realize it from big to strong? A reporter from the Economic Daily interviewed the State Council Research Office, Industry and Trade Director Zhang Junli. Zhang Junli believes that at present, developed countries are using technology and industrial advantages to block the development of my country's advanced manufacturing industry, while developing countries are using low-cost advantages to catch up with my country's traditional manufacturing industry. Fighting on both sides, only by striving to break through can we break through a bloody road, turn challenges into opportunities, and seize the commanding heights of a new round of manufacturing competition.

Facing the status quo, the industry has a lot of room for improvement

Reporter: Manufacturing is the foundation and pillar of the national economy. What do you think of the status quo of my country's manufacturing industry?

Zhang Junli: Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has created impressive performance. Shenzhou 10 manned spacecraft, "Jiaolong" manned submersible, Beidou satellite navigation system, supercomputer, high-speed rail equipment, high-voltage power transmission and transformation equipment, million-kilowatt ultra-supercritical thermal power unit, 10,000-meter deep-sea oil drilling equipment, etc. The birth of a large number of major equipment shows huge manufacturing capacity and innovation potential.

At present, the output of 7 of the 22 major categories of industrial products in my country ranks first in the world, including the output of 220 industrial products ranking first in the world. In 2014, the ranking of the top 500 Chinese companies was released, and the number of "100 Billion Clubs" companies increased to 134; the number of companies that entered the world's top 500 also reached 100 for the first time, more than France, Germany, and the United Kingdom combined.

Although my country's manufacturing industry has achieved rapid development, there is still a large gap compared with the world's manufacturing powers, and the overall situation is still large but not strong. It is specifically manifested in six aspects, including: weak independent innovation ability, unreasonable industrial structure, low economic benefits, low quality brand competitiveness, low resource utilization efficiency and low level of intelligence, networking, and digitization.

In terms of independent innovation, my country's enterprises have few products with independent intellectual property rights, and their innovation motivation is insufficient. Core technologies are highly dependent on foreign countries, and most of the high-end equipment, key parts and components, and key materials needed for industrial development rely on imports. According to the Asian Development Bank's research, the wholesale price of an Apple mobile phone is US$178.96, of which Japan, Germany, and South Korea can get 34%, 17%, and 13% respectively, while China can only get 3.6%, which is about US$6.5.

In the industrial structure, the proportion of technology-intensive industries and producer service industries is low, the proportion of general processing industries and resource-intensive industries is too large, and some industries have repeated construction and overcapacity.

In terms of economic benefits, my country's manufacturing industry has overly relied on large-scale investment of resources and funds for many years, and its development method has been extensive. The value-added rate in 2012 was 22.1%, a drop of 4 percentage points from 26.24% in 2000. The value-added rate of manufacturing in developed countries is generally above 35%, and countries such as the United States and Germany even exceed 40%.

Facing challenges to seize the commanding heights of a new round of manufacturing competition

Reporter: What is the background and significance of my country's proposal to implement "Made in China 2025" to accelerate the transition from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power?

Zhang Junli: At present, the domestic and international environment faced by the manufacturing industry is undergoing profound changes. From a domestic perspective, the previous low-factor cost advantage is gradually weakening, the resource and environmental constraints have been significantly strengthened, some industries have serious overcapacity, and the problem of independent innovation capabilities has become prominent. The traditional development model is no longer sustainable.

From an international perspective, a new round of technological and industrial revolution is emerging, and the development trend and competitive landscape of the manufacturing industry are facing major adjustments. Developed countries have implemented "re-industrialization" and "manufacturing return" strategies one after another, focusing on manufacturing, formulating strategies, issuing policies, and investing capital to demonstrate national will and try to win new competitive advantages in manufacturing. Some developing countries are also accelerating planning and layout, actively integrating into the global re-division system, undertaking industrial and capital transfers, and expanding international market space. To seize the commanding heights of a new round of manufacturing competition, the situation is pressing.

It is strategically necessary to move from a big manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country. The manufacturing industry is the main body of the real economy, the foundation of a country, the foundation of a rich country, and a tool for rejuvenating the country. my country is in the middle and late stages of industrialization, and economic growth mainly depends on the real economy and the development of manufacturing. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "A big country like ours must rely on the real economy to be strong." "The real economy is the country's capital, and it is necessary to develop manufacturing, especially advanced manufacturing." Therefore, we must firmly grasp the strategic position of the manufacturing industry as the foundation of the country, and quickly formulate and implement the strategy of manufacturing power, and strive to become a world-class manufacturing power at the 100th anniversary of the founding of New China, and provide a powerful force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Strategic support.

Moving from a manufacturing country to a manufacturing country is also essential for development. At present, my country’s economic development has entered a new normal. How can we not only stabilize the speed and maintain medium-to-high-speed growth, but also promote industrial transformation and upgrading to the mid-to-high-end level, the key is to effectively transform the economic development mode and reshape new competitive advantages. In the manufacturing industry, the difficulty lies in the manufacturing industry, and the way out lies in the manufacturing industry. We formulate and implement the strategy of a manufacturing powerhouse and implement "Made in China 2025", which is to find a way for the development of the manufacturing industry under the new normal, so as to ensure that the speed is not reduced, the quantity increases and the quality is better, and the Chinese economy is improved in quality and efficiency. , To reach the mid-to-high-end level.

Grasp the direction and key areas to achieve catch-up and lead

Reporter: To reshape the new competitive advantage and realize the manufacturing industry from large to strong, where should we break through?

Zhang Junli: First, we must clarify our thinking and grasp the direction. We must adhere to the path of new industrialization with Chinese characteristics, take the promotion of manufacturing innovation and development as the theme, promote the in-depth integration of information and communication technology and manufacturing as the main line, and promote intelligent manufacturing as the starting point, strengthen the basic industrial capabilities, improve the level of comprehensive integration, and comprehensively Promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and promote the historical leap of manufacturing in China from large to strong; strengthen strategic planning, accurately grasp the main directions of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, accelerate transformation and upgrading, improve quality and efficiency, and effectively improve the manufacturing industry The core competitiveness and sustainable development ability of the country; focus on the major needs of economic and social development and national security, integrate resources, form a joint force, implement a number of major projects, and achieve targeted leaps and catch-up.

Second, we must highlight key areas. In today's world, the widespread application of a new generation of information and communication technology has triggered major changes in manufacturing development concepts, technical systems, manufacturing models, and value chains. The trend and core of this change is the digitization, networking and intelligence of the manufacturing industry. These areas are not only the future development direction of the manufacturing industry, but also our gap. To build a manufacturing power is to continuously narrow the gap with the world, focus on solving the weak links in the high-end manufacturing field, and continuously improve the international competitiveness of advantageous industries. This requires selecting key areas and key industries, and taking the lead in catching up and leading. These key areas are embodied in specific industries, that is, in the new generation of information and communication technology industry, intelligent manufacturing equipment, aerospace equipment, marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships, rail transit equipment, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, power equipment, new materials , Biomedicine and high-performance medical equipment to catch up with and lead the world's advanced level.

Reporter: To achieve catch-up and lead in key areas, and to speed up the process of becoming a manufacturing power, what problems still need to be resolved in terms of mechanisms and systems?

Zhang Junli: To build a manufacturing power, we urgently need to start with actual work. The first is to accelerate the construction of manufacturing innovation capabilities and systems, and build an enterprise-based, market-oriented, manufacturing innovation system that combines production, education, research and application; the second is to promote the in-depth integration of informatization and industrialization, and promote the acceleration of the digitalization of the manufacturing industry. Networking and intelligentization; the third is to vigorously improve the basic capabilities of the industry and implement the industrial strong foundation project. Focus on "application traction, key breakthroughs, platform support", carry out demonstration applications, and effectively solve the weak industrial foundation capabilities such as core basic components (components), advanced basic technology, key basic materials and industrial technology foundation (referred to as the "four bases") Questions; The fourth is to strengthen quality and brand building, and constantly improve the corporate brand value and the overall image of "Made in China"; the fifth is to fully implement green manufacturing, and accelerate the green, low-carbon, and circular development of the manufacturing industry; the sixth is to vigorously promote the structural adjustment of the manufacturing industry . Vigorously develop high-end manufacturing, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, strengthen the modern manufacturing service industry, further optimize the layout of the manufacturing industry, and accelerate the cultivation of competitive industries and enterprise groups with global competitiveness.

Second, create a good environment. It is necessary to deepen reforms, accelerate the implementation of a unified market access system and negative list management, implement the status of enterprise investment entities, and promote the construction of a manufacturing enterprise credit system. At the same time, build a policy system to promote the healthy development of the manufacturing industry, formulate banking, securities, futures, insurance and other financial policies that promote the healthy development of the manufacturing industry, and improve the fiscal and taxation policies that support the innovative development of the manufacturing industry. Improve the multi-level talent training system, increase the training of urgently needed talents, academic leaders, leading talents, and technical skills in key areas, and increase the introduction of talents that are in short supply. (Economic Daily reporter Yang Guomin)

Article source: SINOMACH